What is Periodontology?
Periodontology is the branch of dentistry that focuses on the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of diseases that affect the supporting structures of the teeth, including the gums, bones, and connective tissues.
Gum disease refers to inflammation in the gum tissues that provide support to the teeth, manifesting through symptoms such as redness, swelling, bleeding, gum recession, and tooth mobility.
The primary culprit behind gum disease is the buildup of plaque, which, if not eliminated through effective dental hygiene practices such as brushing and flossing, can solidify into calculus or tartar. Early diagnosis allows for the successful treatment of gum disease.
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What are the types of periodontal disease?
Periodontal diseases are typically referred to as gum diseases, but it is a more general term that encompasses any disease that affects the supporting tissues of the teeth.
Periodontal diseases can occur in different forms, including:
Gingivitis stands as the most prevalent form of periodontal disease, characterized by inflammation in the gum tissues without accompanying bone or gum loss. This condition responds well to treatment through proper dental hygiene practices.
Chronic periodontitis, the most common variant of periodontal disease, is identified by gum tissue inflammation, gum recession, and the development of deep pockets around the teeth, potentially leading to bone and tooth loss. Management approaches include dental hygiene practices, scaling and root planing, and, when necessary, periodontal surgery.
Aggressive periodontitis, although rare, represents a severe form of the disease that progresses swiftly, particularly impacting young individuals and causing rapid gum recession and tooth mobility. Treatment involves dental hygiene practices and, in certain cases, periodontal surgery.
Periodontal abscess, a specific type of abscess formation due to pus accumulation in the periodontal pocket, can be addressed through periodontal pocket cleaning and antibiotic therapy.
Necrotizing periodontal disease, another severe form of periodontal disease, induces oral lesions, tissue necrosis, and bone loss within the periodontal pocket. Treatment modalities encompass antibiotics, dental hygiene practices, and, when necessary, periodontal surgery.
The management of these conditions may differ based on factors such as early initiation of treatment and consistent dental care. Hence, maintaining regular dental check-ups and attending to your dental hygiene is crucial.
What are the main symptoms of gum disease?
- Swelling, redness, or bleeding of the gums
- Itching, burning, or sensitivity of the gums
- Receding gumline or visible teeth
- Increased gaps between teeth or loose teeth
- Formation of gum pockets
- Bad breath or bad taste in the mouth
- Tooth sensitivity or pain when chewing
- Formation of abscess or fistula in the gums
- If you experience one or several of these symptoms, it is recommended to consult your dentist. Gum diseases that are diagnosed and treated early can be controlled without causing serious problems such as tooth loss.
What causes gum disease?
Gum disease arises as an infection primarily triggered by the buildup of a bacterial film on tooth surfaces, commonly referred to as plaque.
The typical cause of gum disease is bacterial infection stemming from the accumulation of a film called plaque on tooth surfaces. Plaque consists of residues from food and beverages that necessitate removal through proper teeth brushing. Prolonged buildup of plaque on teeth can result in bacterial damage to the gums, leading to gum disease.
Additional factors contributing to gum disease may encompass genetic influences, hormonal fluctuations (e.g., during pregnancy), smoking, stress, inadequate brushing techniques, improper dental procedures, systemic diseases (e.g., diabetes), and certain medications (e.g., antidepressants, antihistamines, and blood pressure medications).
Effectively managing the risk factors associated with gum disease and maintaining regular dental cleanings play a crucial role in preventing the onset of gum disease.
How is gum disease treated?
The approach to treating gum disease can vary based on the type and severity of the condition. Early diagnosis and intervention significantly enhance the success of treatment. The following methods are employed in addressing gum disease:
Commencing the gum disease treatment process typically involves the initial stage of professional dental cleaning. A dentist or dental hygienist can effectively remove accumulated plaque and tartar on the teeth, thereby halting the advancement of gum disease.
In situations where gum disease has advanced, a dentist may opt for a root planing and scaling procedure to eliminate bacteria from the gum pockets. This involves smoothing the root surfaces of the teeth and reducing the size of the gum pockets.
